![]() Once in regular mode the thermostat will open partially to regulate coolant temp. During the warm-up phase the thermostat is closed, which allows coolant to circulate through the engine again and bring the engine up to operating temp sooner. Older models have two phases of operation: warm-up and regular. The expansion tank holds overflow and extra fluid to be used to supplement fluid being used elsewhere, such as for the heater core or for an oil cooler. Once the coolant temp is lowered the thermostat closes again. When the thermostat is open, radiator flow resumes and cooled coolant enters the thermostat, mixes with the hot coolant, and then continues onto the water pump. When closed coolant flow through the radiator is stopped and hot coolant will flow from the engine block to the thermostat and back through the water pump where it will re-enter the engine. Depending on coolant temp, the thermostat will be either closed or partially open. ![]() Flow through the radiator is controlled by the thermostat. When hot coolant leaves the engine block it is split into two directions: to the thermostat or to the heater core to heat your interior. Starting from the pump, coolant enters the engine block and cylinder head to regulate internal temperatures. The water pump circulates the coolant and keeps the system pressurized. On a BMW this is a mix of monoethylene glycol and distilled water. The engine, hoses, radiator, and expansion tank are filled with coolant mixture. Additional sub-systems like the heater core, turbochargers, and oil coolers are tied in with the main engine cooling system or have their own dedicated sub-systems. In essence, the cooling system uses a robust anti-boil/anti-freeze chemical mix that absorbs heat in the engine, circulates the heated fluid to the radiator for cooling, and then runs the cooled fluid back through the engine.
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